Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-26530

High

Published: 24 February 2025

Published
24 February 2025
Modified
11 August 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0096 76.5th percentile
Risk Priority 17 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Description

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

Security Summary

CVE-2025-26530 is a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability, classified under CWE-79, affecting the question bank filter in Moodle due to insufficient sanitizing of inputs. Published on 2025-02-24, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.3 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity with network accessibility but requiring high attack complexity and user interaction.

The vulnerability can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers over the network who craft malicious payloads targeting the question bank filter. Exploitation requires a user, such as an authenticated Moodle user or administrator, to interact with a specially crafted link or input, such as clicking a malicious URL. Successful exploitation enables high-impact consequences, including unauthorized access to confidential data, modification of system integrity, and denial of availability, with a changed scope that potentially affects the broader Moodle environment.

Moodle advisories reference a patch in git commit MDL-84146, available via the project's repository, which adds necessary sanitization to the question bank filter. Additional details are discussed in the Moodle forum thread at https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=466146.

Details

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Affected Products

moodle
moodle
4.3.0 — 4.3.10 · 4.4.0 — 4.4.6 · 4.5.0 — 4.5.2

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

The reflected XSS vulnerability in the publicly accessible Moodle question bank filter directly enables T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application) by allowing unauthenticated attackers to craft malicious URLs that execute scripts in a victim's browser upon interaction, leading to high-impact effects with changed scope.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

References