Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-2985

MediumPublic PoC

Published: 31 March 2025

Published
31 March 2025
Modified
14 May 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 6.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0020 41.5th percentile
Risk Priority 13 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Description

Adversaries may leverage databases to mine valuable information.

Security Summary

CVE-2025-2985 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Payroll Management System 1.0, affecting an unknown part of the file update_account.php. The issue arises from manipulation of the 'deduction' argument, with CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) and CWE-89 (SQL Injection) as associated weaknesses. Published on 2025-03-31, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network-accessible exploitation with low complexity and privileges required.

An attacker with low privileges, such as an authenticated user, can exploit this remotely by injecting malicious SQL via the 'deduction' parameter during account updates. Successful exploitation enables limited impacts: low confidentiality (e.g., partial data disclosure), integrity (e.g., minor data modification), and availability (e.g., limited denial of service). Other parameters may also be vulnerable, broadening potential attack surface.

Advisories referenced in VulDB entries (e.g., ctiid.302037, id.302037) and related disclosures on GitHub and code-projects.org detail the issue but do not specify patches or vendor mitigations in available information. Security practitioners should review these sources for updates.

The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be actively used, increasing risk for exposed instances of Payroll Management System 1.0.

Details

CWE(s)
CWE-74CWE-89

Affected Products

fabian
payroll management system
1.0

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1505 Server Software Component Persistence
Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems.
T1213.006 Databases Collection
Adversaries may leverage databases to mine valuable information.
Why these techniques?

SQL injection in public-facing web application (update_account.php) enables exploitation of public-facing app (T1190), abuse of server software component for SQL execution (T1505 as cited in advisory), and data collection from databases (T1213.006).

References