CVE-2025-68613
Published: 19 December 2025
Description
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated…
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users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Validates user-supplied expressions in workflow configuration to block malicious code execution during evaluation.
Requires timely patching to versions that fix the insufficient isolation in the expression evaluation system.
Enforces least privilege by restricting workflow creation/editing to trusted users and limiting n8n process privileges to reduce exploitation impact.
Security SummaryAI
CVE-2025-68613 is a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability (CVSS 9.9, CWE-913) affecting n8n, an open-source workflow automation platform. The flaw resides in the workflow expression evaluation system, where expressions provided by authenticated users during workflow configuration can be evaluated in an execution context lacking sufficient isolation from the underlying runtime. It impacts versions starting from 0.211.0 up to but not including 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0.
An authenticated attacker with low privileges can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. By crafting malicious expressions in workflows, the attacker can execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process, potentially achieving full compromise of the instance. This includes unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations.
The vulnerability has been addressed in n8n versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0, which introduce additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. Administrators are urged to upgrade immediately. As temporary measures, limit workflow creation and editing to fully trusted users, and deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted OS privileges and network access, though these do not fully mitigate the risk.
Notable context includes evidence of real-world targeting, as documented in an Akamai security research post detailing Zerobot malware campaigns exploiting n8n automation platforms.
Details
- CWE(s)
- KEV Date Added
- 11 March 2026
Affected Products
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
CVE-2025-68613 is a remote code execution vulnerability in the public-facing n8n workflow automation platform, directly enabling exploitation of a public-facing application.