Cyber Posture

CVE-2026-45574

High
Microsoft: not affectedMSmacOS: not affectedMacLinux: not affectedLnxMobile: not affectedMobNetwork: not affectedNetApplication: not affectedAppOther: affectedOth

Published: 26 May 2026

Published
26 May 2026
Modified
27 May 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0001 0.3th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2026-45574 is a high-severity Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Adversary-in-the-Middle (T1557); ranked at the 0.3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Adversary-in-the-Middle (T1557).
Threat & Defense Details

Likely Mitigating ControlsAI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SA-19 Component Authenticity
addresses: CWE-295

When certificates are used to establish component provenance, the control requires correct certificate validation procedures.

SC-17 Public Key Infrastructure Certificates
addresses: CWE-295

Mandates approved trust anchors and issuance policies, directly preventing acceptance of unvalidated or untrusted certificates.

SC-45 System Time Synchronization
addresses: CWE-295

Correct system time is required for proper enforcement of certificate notBefore/notAfter dates and time-based revocation checks.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Improper certificate validation (CWE-295) directly enables Adversary-in-the-Middle interception of TLS/SOAP traffic.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

epa4all-client is the Java Client for epa4all / ePA 3.0 in the Telematik Infrastruktur. Prior to 1.2.2, an attacker on the network path between the ePA service and the Konnektor can present any TLS certificate (self-signed, expired, wrong CN) and…

more

intercept all SOAP traffic. This includes patient identifiers (KVNR), SMC-B card operations (authentication, signing), document content, and credential exchanges. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.2.

Deeper analysisAI

Automated synthesis unavailable for this CVE.

Details

CWE(s)
CWE-295
OWASP Top 10 Web 2025
A07:2025

References